Month: December 2024

Exercise has numerous health advantages, and researchers are trying to discover how it impacts people with dementia. According to one study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, those who continue or begin physical activity after being diagnosed with dementia may have a lower risk for all-cause mortality.

We already know about the several benefits of physical activity, including lowering the risk of heart disease and weight management [1]. It might also help reduce the chance of dementia. Nonetheless, the impact of exercise after a dementia diagnosis is an essential area that still requires investigation.

Recently, a study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine has examined how physical activity impacts a person after a dementia diagnosis [2].

The researchers assessed the association between physical activity levels and changes and mortality rates among dementia patients. They discovered that maintaining physical activity before and following diagnosis was linked with the lowest mortality risk. All levels of persistent physical exercise were connected to a reduced mortality risk. 

Furthermore, the researchers discovered that starting physical activity after receiving a dementia diagnosis could lower the risk of death by at least 20%. The findings suggest that patients with dementia should be encouraged to exercise regularly. 

Physical Activity, Dementia, and Mortality: What is the Connection?

Alzheimer’s disease is among the top ten causes of death, and the number of people with dementia is steadily rising, according to the study’s authors. This study sought to investigate how physical activity before and after dementia diagnosis affects mortality risk, considering the level and intensity of physical exercise.

It was a population-based cohort study conducted across the country. Researchers collected data from the Korean National Health Insurance System Database. More than 60,000 participants in the study were 40 years of age or older and had been diagnosed with dementia between 2010 and 2016. All individuals had undergone health screenings within two years before and after dementia diagnosis.

The researchers used specific dementia assessment scores and the use of anti-dementia drugs to determine who had dementia. They evaluated exercise via information from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

The researchers then categorized physical activity levels following dementia diagnosis into vigorous, moderate, and light physical activity and recorded the amount of exercise per week. They defined regular physical activity as 30 minutes or more of moderate physical exercise at least five times or 20 minutes or more of vigorous physical activity at least three times a week.

Next, they recorded the changes in the activity levels before and after the participants received the dementia diagnosis. Over the 3.7-year average follow-up period, 16,431 participants passed away. The researchers were able to examine the relationship between physical activity and all-cause mortality.

The research team found a dose-response relationship between a lower risk of all-cause mortality and higher physical activity levels.

The Decrease in Mortality Risk

Participants who continued their regular physical exercise both before and after being diagnosed with dementia had the lowest death risk, according to the researchers, with a 29% decrease in mortality risk compared to those who stayed inactive.

The risk of death was lower for those who increased their physical activity to at least 1,000 metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs)-minutes per week than for those who did not. METs are a way to measure the energy needed to carry out physical activity [3].

The researchers also discovered that increasing physical activity by 100 METs-minutes per week after receiving a dementia diagnosis reduced the probability of death by 3%. Additionally, those with Alzheimer’s disease and all-cause dementia who stopped engaging in regular physical exercise after receiving a diagnosis had a marginally lower mortality risk.

When researchers examined intensity levels of exercise, they discovered that in participants with all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s, continuing physical activity reduced mortality risk, with similar risk diminished observed in categories of light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity. They also found that continuous light or vigorous exercise was associated with a decreased mortality risk among people with vascular dementia.

What are the Limitations of the Study?

The study has some limitations. First, because the study only included Koreans, the conclusions should not be generalized. Further studies with more diverse participants may be beneficial. Also, this study comprised over 60% of women participants, implying that future studies should include more men.  

Second, researchers used participant self-reports, which may or may not be accurate, to determine physical activity levels and other lifestyle choices. However, caregivers could assist participants in responding to inquiries. It is also plausible that those with better functioning and less severe dementia were more likely to continue their levels of physical exercise. 

Third, researchers admit that reverse causality can occur. Fourth, actual dementia diagnoses may differ from those made using administrative data.

Additionally, the researchers did not have information on the participants’ physical activity levels, and the questionnaire they employed might not have correctly identified shorter bursts of physical activity included in total physical activity. Therefore, there is a possibility that researchers underestimated or misclassified levels of physical exercise.

The criterion of regular physical activity excluded light physical activity. As a result, further investigation may be required, and it may have had an impact on some analyses.

Lastly, the researchers only used data from two examinations within two years of the dementia diagnosis (one before and one after). They concluded that most participants’ dementia progression and severity were most likely mild during the study. Therefore, it could be helpful to examine more information about individuals with more advanced dementia.

Alzheimer’s Research Association is a non-profit organization dedicated to helping caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. We provide the latest information and news about the illness and helpful tips to help caregivers cope with their daily caregiving challenges. We realize the most important thing that a caregiver needs is financial assistance. Therefore, we provide grants to caregivers to ease their financial burden. Caregivers can apply for grants here: Alzheimer’s Grant Application. 

You can also help caregivers in their endeavor by donating as much as possible: Donation To Alzheimer’s Research Associations.

References

1. Benefits of Physical Activity. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/benefits/index.html. Updated Online: 24th April, 2024. Accessed: 16th December, 2025.
2. Park, K.Y., Huh, Y., Nam, G.E., Han, K., Jung, J.H., Cho, Y.J., Kim, S.M., Hwang, H.S. and Park, Y.M.M., 2024. Changes in physical activity and all-cause mortality among individuals with dementia: a cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service Database in Korea. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 58(21), pp.1258-1266.
3. Shea, C., Khawaja, A.R., Sofi, K. and Nabi, G., 2021. Association of metabolic equivalent of task (MET) score in length of stay in hospital following radical cystectomy with urinary diversion: a multi-institutional study. International Urology and Nephrology, 53, pp.1305-1310.
4. Freeborn, J. Starting physical activity after dementia diagnosis may reduce death risk by 20%. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/starting-physical-activity-dementia-diagnosis-may-reduce-death-risk. Published Online: 1st November, 2024. Accessed: 16th December, 2024.
5. Exercise linked to lower mortality risk in dementia patients. News Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20241030/Exercise-linked-to-lower-mortality-risk-in-dementia-patients.aspx. Published Online: 30th October, 2024. Accessed: 16th December, 2024.

Dementia symptoms usually progress gradually. However, a person’s symptoms may worsen suddenly. This could be part of the disease’s progression or a symptom of a major medical concern. 

Dementia is a progressive, unpredictable group of diseases that can suddenly get worse.

Dementia symptoms are unpredictable. They may remain stable for an extended period before suddenly worsening. On the other hand, they might gradually deteriorate over time, or both might happen.

Another medical problem may potentially cause a sudden worsening of symptoms. It is not always easy to determine the cause from the symptoms alone, particularly if the individual suffering from dementia has trouble communicating.

Dementia patients may not be able to express their problems well, so it’s critical to interpret their behavior as both a communication signal and a warning indication that something might be amiss.

Read on to learn more about the sudden worsening of dementia symptoms and what to do when you notice it. 

How Do Various Forms of Dementia Usually Progress?

Dementia is not a single disease. It is a collection of disorders that impact social, cognitive, and memory skills. That said, numerous conditions may lead to dementia. Since different causes have different consequences and treatment options, knowing the type your loved one has is crucial.

The following are the most prevalent types of dementia and their symptoms.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s is the most prevalent type of dementia in the United States. Short-term memory issues are the early manifestation of its symptoms.

A person may exhibit forgetfulness, mood, and personality changes in the early to middle stages. Symptoms in later stages may include:

• Increased confusion and memory loss
• Trouble with language
• Difficulty performing multi-step tasks, such as dressing
• Inability to recognize family and friends
• Impulsive behavior
• Anger outbursts
• Restlessness and anxiety, especially in the evening or late afternoon

Vascular Dementia

Vascular dementia is one of the most prevalent types of dementia, caused by blood vessel damage or injured brain tissue as a result of insufficient blood, oxygen, or nutrients reaching the brain. It might result in memory loss symptoms that resemble those of Alzheimer’s.

Other symptoms include:

• Difficulty planning
• Having trouble paying attention
• Poor decision-making
• Impaired social functioning.
• Inability to find the correct words
• Personality changes, such as aggression
• Hallucinations 

Frontotemporal Demantia

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) primarily affects younger people in their 40s, 50s, or early 60s. 

It can be challenging for patients with advanced FTD to swallow, chew, move about, and control their bladder and bowels due to muscle weakness and coordination issues.

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Its symptoms are mild at first and get worse over time, much like in most other types of dementia. However, in contrast to Alzheimer’s, for instance, early-stage symptoms usually consist of:

• Movement issues such as changed handwriting, stiff or rigid muscles, a stumbling gait, and poor coordination
• Misidentification of familiar individuals
• Hallucinations
• REM sleep behavior disorder
• Dropping of blood pressure upon standing
• Dizziness

Parkinson’s Disease Dementia

Hallucinations, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment are some of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease that are comparable to those of Lewy body dementia.

Mixed Dementia

Most persons with this kind of dementia are 80 years of age or older. People most frequently have both the blood vessel issues connected to vascular dementia and the aberrant protein accumulation linked to Alzheimer’s. Therefore, they might exhibit traits of both illnesses.

What could cause dementia to worsen suddenly? 

Besides dementia itself, there may be other causes why symptoms are getting worse.

Delirium

Delirium is a mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, and the inability to think or remember clearly. There is an underlying physical cause for it. The following are some typical causes of delirium:

• Infection: Infections are a prevalent source of delirium. Individuals with dementia are particularly susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs).
• Anesthesia and Surgery: Anesthesia or the physical difficulties of a medical procedure might cause delirium. Delirium may occasionally remain after a patient leaves the hospital.
• Medication: Medication side effects account for around 39% of all delirium instances. If someone has just started or stopped taking a medicine, this may be the cause of their delirium, as medication withdrawal can also cause this condition.

Delirium can also occur in people with advanced dementia as a response to minor disorders like sleep deprivation, constipation, or dehydration.

Speaking with a doctor about any symptoms of illness or infection is crucial because delirium can be hard to differentiate from dementia.

Physicians treat delirium by treating its underlying cause. For instance, they might alter the patient’s medication or prescribe antibiotics for an infection.

Brain Injury or Stroke

A brain injury resulting from a fall or a stroke can produce symptoms comparable to dementia. Here are some indicators of a stroke to look out for [1]:

• Sudden confusion
• Having trouble understanding speech or speaking
• Immobility on one side of the body or face
• Abrupt change in coordination or balance
• Sudden vision loss
• Sudden and intense headache.

Call 911 or the nearest emergency number if a person exhibits these symptoms.

Following a head injury, people may potentially experience new or exacerbated dementia symptoms.

Change in Routine

Routines are typically comforting to those with dementia. A regular schedule makes it easier to know what to anticipate. This implies that abrupt changes in habits might worsen dementia symptoms. This is particularly true for people who are under stress.

• Changes that may worsen dementia symptoms include:
• Shifting to a nursing home or assisted living facility
• Moving in with family or leaving the family home
• Hospitalization
• Having new caregivers

Sundowner’s Syndrome

Sundowning, also known as sundowner’s syndrome, is a condition in which dementia symptoms worsen as the evening approaches. Caregivers may perceive this change as sudden. Confusion, agitation, or frustration may increase as a consequence. Also, the individual might speak less clearly.

Medications may alleviate particular symptoms like agitation or hallucinations. A regular schedule, exposure to natural light, and caring support can also help reduce symptoms.

Rapidly Progressing Dementia

Rapidly progressing dementia is a kind of dementia that develops more quickly than more prevalent dementia types. Usually, an underlying sickness like prion disease, an autoimmune disease that targets the brain, an infection, or cancer leads to this condition [2].

Since physicians can treat some of these disorders, they must test for other possible reasons before determining if this type of dementia can be treated.

Warning Signs that Your Loved One’s Dementia Symptoms Might be Worsening

If you see any of the following symptoms suddenly appearing, have your loved one with dementia examined by a doctor as soon as possible [3].

Incontinence

Incontinence is a typical symptom of dementia in its middle and late stages. If it appears suddenly, it can be a sign of another issue, like an untreated UTI.

Issues with Language

The person with dementia is increasingly struggling to find words or forgetting what they were saying mid-sentence. Additionally, they suddenly have trouble keeping up with a conversation. 

Agitation and Aggression

The person appears restless and does things they didn’t do previously, like pace, yell, or scream.

Losing Inhibitions

The person begins acting or speaking inappropriately, which is not typical of them. Examples include making offensive remarks or undressing in public.

Confusion

The person with dementia gets confused about the time of day. For instance, they wake up and get dressed at night. They abruptly stop recognizing familiar faces or seem confused about where they are, even if they are at home.

Delusions

The individual may experience a sudden fear that people may harm them or cannot be trusted. For instance, they may accuse someone of stealing from them or attempting to hurt them.

Hallucinations

Your loved one may start hearing and seeing things that aren’t there.

What to do if Symptoms of Dementia Suddenly Worsen

If a person with dementia has new or worsening symptoms, don’t assume that’s normal or that they can’t be treated. Make a doctor’s appointment as soon as possible.

If the person with dementia can communicate or express themselves, inquire about their symptoms and experiences. Here are a few methods that can aid in diagnosis [4]: 

• Maintaining a record of every new symptom and when it appears
• Discussing any recent changes with a physician, such as moving into an assisted living facility
• Observing any bruises or other indications of injury.

Alzheimer’s Research Association is a non-profit organization dedicated to helping caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. We provide the latest information and news about the illness and helpful tips to help caregivers cope with their daily caregiving challenges. We realize the most important thing that a caregiver needs is financial assistance. Therefore, we provide grants to caregivers to ease their financial burden. Caregivers can apply for grants here: Alzheimer’s Grant Application. 

You can also help caregivers in their endeavor by donating as much as possible: Donation To Alzheimer’s Research Associations.

References

1. Signs and Symptoms of Stroke. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs-symptoms/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs_symptoms.htm. Updated Online: 24th October, 2024. Accessed: 11th December, 2024.
2. Geschwind, M.D., 2016. Rapidly progressive dementia. Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology, 22(2), pp.510-537.
3. Millard, E. What to Do When You Notice a Sudden Worsening of Dementia Symptoms. The Key. https://thekey.com/learning-center/sudden-worsening-dementia-symptoms. Accessed: 11th December, 2024.
4. Villines, Z. Sudden worsening of dementia symptoms. Medical News Today. Updated Online: 29th November, 2023. Accessed: 11th December, 2024.
5. How to Navigate the Sudden Worsening of Dementia Symptoms. Endeavor Home Care. https://endeavorhomecare.com/blog/how-to-navigate-the-sudden-worsening-of-dementia-symptoms/. Accessed: 11th December, 2024.

The holiday season has arrived, and it is the time to buy gifts for family and friends. What will you give your loved one with dementia and the caregivers?

Shopping and giving gifts during the holiday season can be challenging, but it is much harder when you’re buying for someone who has Alzheimer’s disease or another dementia. 

The good news is that there are a variety of fantastic presents for seniors with Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia. Depending on the illness stage, thoughtful gifts for the individual or their caregiver can bring joy or be helpful.

If you’re looking for a gift for a caregiver or someone with Alzheimer’s, here are some ideas to help [1]. 

Gift Ideas for People with Alzheimer’s

These gift suggestions are for those in the early, middle, and late phases of Alzheimer’s. These are stage-specific recommendations intended for keeping the person interested, safe, and active in daily duties. 

For those in the Early Stages of the Disease

• Post-it Notes or an erasable whiteboard for listing reminders or the day’s activities
• Labelable trays or baskets that fit into drawers or cabinets.
• Give them gift cards for a favorite activity (golf, movie, restaurant, etc.) or ride-sharing services so they can stay active.
• GPS tracking devices, such as watches, bracelets, and small trackers, or signing up for a secure return scheme.
• A “memory” calendar with images of family members – write down your major family occasions like birthdays and anniversaries.
• Assorted jigsaw puzzles to help provide a healthy mental challenge for the person with dementia while also improving their short-term memory.

For those in Middle-to-Late Stages

• Music playlists featuring the individual’s favorite artists or songs
• Loose-fitting, comfortable, easy-to-put-on and wash clothes, including a fluffy bathrobe, sweatsuits, slip-on blouses and shirts, non-slip socks, Velcro shoes, and wrinkle-resistant nightgowns.
• Framed photos or a photo collage made exclusively for the Alzheimer’s patient. Add the individuals’ names to the pictures to aid with identification.
• Soothing presents that can ease anxiety, such as a cozy blanket or a portable massager.
• Adaptive dining equipment, such as spill-proof cups, plate guards, and silverware with specially constructed handles to help increase independence during meals
• A medication dispenser that can, for example, tell the person with dementia when it’s time to take their medication and automatically dispense the right medication at the right time

To Assist with Routine Tasks and Keep the Alzheimer’s Patient Engaged

• A “memory” phone that can save images of friends and family together with their names and contact details.
• Automated nightlights that turn on when it gets dark.
• A digital clock that shows the time and date in huge text.
• An excursion to a museum, play, concert, movie, athletic event, or perhaps a planned holiday shopping trip with loved ones.
• Spending time together making homemade gifts for family members, painting decorations, setting the table, scrapbooking, or carrying out other activities.

Gifts for Alzheimer’s and Dementia Caregivers

The most meaningful gift you can give someone who is caring for a person with dementia is your time. Taking a little break every day can assist a caregiver in reducing stress and avoiding burnout. The following gift suggestions could reduce the workload and motivate caregivers to take some time for themselves:

• Coupons for tasks like shoveling the driveway, mowing the yard, cooking, or cleaning the house
• Restaurant or meal delivery gift cards and certificates, dry cleaning and laundry services, lawn care services, computer and tech support, maid services, and personal pampering services like massages and pedicures
• Give books – besides novels on the caregiver’s “must read” list, shops and your local library may stock a wide range of self-help and caregiving books. 
• Self-care products, like a collection of personal care items (soaps, foot creams, scrubs, moisturizers, etc.)

Donate Today to Support Alzheimer’s Family Caregivers!

The holiday season has begun! As we come together to celebrate this holiday season, let’s take a moment to extend our support to those who are bravely navigating through challenges and hardships. Caregiving is a demanding task that often leaves the caregivers physically, emotionally, and financially unstable. The least we can do is to try to alleviate some of their burden by supporting them via donations.

Let’s honor the dedication and sacrifices of the family caregivers who devote their lives and resources to caring for their loved ones! Don’t forget to support them, which you can do by acknowledging their hard work and donating as much as possible: https://www.alzra.org/donate-now/. 

References

1. Holiday Gift Guide for Caregivers and People Living with Dementia. Alzheimer’s Association. https://www.alz.org/help-support/resources/holidays/gift-guide. Accessed: 2nd December, 2024.
2. Holiday Gift Guide for Seniors with Alzheimer’s or Dementia. Freedom Village. https://fvhollandseniorliving.com/blog/holiday-gifts-for-alzheimers-dementia/. Accessed: 2nd December, 2024.
3. Holiday gift ideas for people with Alzheimer’s and their caregivers. AARP. https://states.aarp.org/colorado/holiday-gift-ideas-for-people-with-alzheimers-and-their-caregivers. Accessed: 2nd December, 2024.
4. The Best Gift Ideas for People with Dementia. Senior Helpers. https://www.seniorhelpers.com/fl/orlando/resources/blogs/best-gifts-for-people-with-dementia/. Accessed: 2nd December, 2024.

According to new research, Alzheimer’s appears to occur in two stages: a slow, symptomless phase that affects only a few susceptible cell types and a destructive later phase that manifests the disease’s hallmark signs and symptoms. The results could aid scientists in creating novel approaches to early Alzheimer’s diagnosis and treatment.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent type of dementia, a degenerative neurological condition that eventually interferes with day-to-day activities by affecting memory, thinking, and behavior.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 10 million individuals worldwide receive a dementia diagnosis each year and that approximately 55 million people worldwide are living with dementia [1]. Up to 70% of these individuals have Alzheimer’s.

Mild memory loss is typically the initial sign of Alzheimer’s, and as time passes, the symptoms worsen. Later-stage Alzheimer’s patients frequently require 24-hour care since they are unable to carry out ordinary daily tasks and have conversations.

Changes in the brain trigger the disease symptoms. However, a new study indicates that some brain changes may begin long before symptoms appear.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded study contends that Alzheimer’s first slow and silent phase arises before any memory loss, damaging only a few susceptible brain cells.   Plaques, tangles, and other markers of Alzheimer’s accumulate during the second phase, which is more destructive and occurs when symptoms start to appear.

Nature Neuroscience published the research [2].

Alzheimer’s First Phase: Slow, Early Changes in Brain

The research team examined brains from 84 donors (postmortem), with an average age of 88. There were 51 female and 33 male donors; 9 of them had no Alzheimer’s, 12 had low ADNC (Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological changes), 21 had intermediate ADNC, and 42 had high ADNC.

About one-third of intermediate (7 of 21) and low (4 of 12) ADNC cases and nearly three-quarters (31 of 42) of high ADNC cases had dementia before death. Before passing away, none of the people without ADNC developed dementia.

For each donor, the researchers first employed machine learning to measure Alzheimer’s progression, including beta-amyloid and pTau, which indicate the amount of phosphorylated tau protein in blood plasma.

Each received a score ranging from 0 to 1. The researchers discovered that a score of 0.4-0.6 indicated a significant rise in pTau and beta-amyloid buildup and increased cognitive impairments. 

They concluded from the scores that there are two distinct phases that characterize the severity of Alzheimer’s:

In an NIH news release, Richard J. Hodes, MD, director of the NIH National Institute on Aging, stated that an obstacle to identifying and treating Alzheimer’s disease is that a large portion of brain damage occurs long before symptoms appear [3]. 

He went on to say that by being able to identify these early changes, we can finally observe what is happening to a person’s brain in the early stages of the illness.

Early Cell Damage Causes Subsequent Changes in the Brain.

The researchers were surprised to discover that, accompanied by a gradual buildup of plaques and immune system activity in the brain, one specific kind of neuron, or nerve cell, was dying.

Somatostatin (SST) inhibitory neurons typically transmit soothing signals to other cells. The death of these neurons may set off the ensuing modifications in the brain that drive Alzheimer’s, according to the study’s authors.

The researchers point out that inhibitory neurons might be one of the first brain cell types to become susceptible and cause changes in intercellular communication. These cells are predominantly present in a brain area related to memory, vision, and language. 

Alzheimer’s Second Phase: Inflammable and Increased Damage

The researchers reported a decrease in oligodendrocytes and an increase in inflammatory cells known as astrocytes and microglia after the loss of SST inhibitory neurons.

Oligodendrocytes create myelin, the nerve cell’s outer coating that is necessary for nerve impulse transmission.

Researchers suggest that other inflammatory brain cells, known as microglia and astrocytes, start a process to try to reverse these early alterations by releasing chemicals or altering their structure in what they refer to as the later phase of the disease [4].

Changes in inflammatory cells and inhibitory neurons gradually evolve to display the well-known molecular abnormalities of Alzheimer’s, including amyloid plaque deposition and tau tangle pathology, resulting in a deadly state.

Could these findings contribute to early Alzheimer’s diagnosis?

Researchers were able to identify the initial cellular alterations in the brain as Alzheimer’s progressed via powerful new technology. According to the study’s authors, their research could result in novel treatments and diagnostics focusing on particular disease phases.

Alzheimer’s Research Association is a non-profit organization dedicated to helping caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. We provide the latest information and news about the illness and helpful tips to help caregivers cope with their daily caregiving challenges. We realize the most important thing that a caregiver needs is financial assistance. Therefore, we provide grants to caregivers to ease their financial burden. Caregivers can apply for grants here: Alzheimer’s Grant Application. 

You can also help caregivers in their endeavor by donating as much as possible: Donation To Alzheimer’s Research Associations.

References

1. Dementia. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia. Published Online: 15thmarch, 2023. Accessed: 22nd November, 2024.
2. Gabitto, M.I., Travaglini, K.J., Rachleff, V.M., Kaplan, E.S., Long, B., Ariza, J., Ding, Y., Mahoney, J.T., Dee, N., Goldy, J. and Melief, E.J., 2024. Integrated multimodal cell atlas of Alzheimer’s disease. Nature Neuroscience, pp.1-18.
3. Alzheimer’s disease may damage the brain in two phases. News Release. National Institutes of Health. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/alzheimer-s-disease-may-damage-brain-two-phases. Published Online: 15th October, 2024. Accessed: 22nd November, 2024.
4. Study detects early Alzheimer’s ‘stealth’ phase before symptoms set in. Medical News Daily. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/study-detects-early-alzheimers-stealth-phase-before-symptoms-set-in. Published Online: 21st October, 2024. Accessed: 22nd November, 2024.
5. Alzheimer’s Disease Harms The Brain in 2 Distinct Phases, Study Reveals. Science Alert. https://www.sciencealert.com/alzheimers-disease-harms-the-brain-in-2-distinct-phases-study-reveals. Published Online: 17th October, 2024. Accessed: 22nd November, 2024.
6. New study reveals Alzheimer’s disease progresses in two distinct phases. Touch Neurology. https://touchneurology.com/insight/new-study-reveals-alzheimers-disease-progresses-in-two-distinct-phases/. Published Online: 22nd October, 2024. Accessed: 22nd November, 2024.